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Evolution of the UV-vis spectra of the thin films obtained by ISS process and LbL-E deposition technique as a function

of two temperatures values (ambient and 200°C). Figure 9 Normalized UV-vis spectra for ISS and LbL-E films after thermal post-treatment. Normalized UV-vis spectra for ISS and LbL-E films after thermal post-treatment (200°C) with their maximal wavelength shift and their FWHM. Figure 10 Cross-sectional TEM micrographs of the upper part of the thin film and AFM phase images. (a, b) Cross-sectional TEM micrograph of the upper part of the thin film and AFM surface phase image for the ISS process. (c, d) Cross-sectional TEM micrograph of the upper part of the thin film and AFM surface INK1197 learn more phase image for the LbL-E deposition technique. Figure 11 SEM images of the thin films. (a) ISS process. (b) LbL-E deposition technique. As a conclusion of both processes, the use of PAA as a protective agent of the AgNPs in the LbL-E deposition technique is of vital importance because it can prevent NVP-HSP990 purchase cluster formation along the coating, although it is possible to appreciate nanoparticles of higher size along the coating thickness. To sum up and according to the results, LbL-E deposition technique allows the incorporation of AgNPs of

higher size along the film, whereas cluster formation mixed with AgNPs of small size is only observed for the ISS process. Conclusions This work is based on the synthesis and incorporation of silver nanoparticles into thin films using two alternative techniques with remarkable differences, the ISS process and the LbL-E deposition technique. Firstly, both processes are separately analyzed as a function of several parameters such as Galeterone the pH value of the

dipping polyelectrolyte solutions, thickness evolution, or temperature effect. Secondly, a comparative study between both processes has been performed in order to establish the difference in the size and distribution of the nanoparticles into the LbL films. In both methodologies, the presence of a weak polyelectrolyte such as poly(acrylic acid, sodium salt) is the key for synthesizing metallic silver nanoparticles due to its pH-dependent behavior, making possible to obtain carboxylate and carboxylic acid groups as a function of the pH value. For the ISS process, the presence of free carboxylic acid groups is the key for the introduction of silver ions which are further reduced to silver nanoparticles. However, in the case of the LbL-E deposition technique, PAA is acting as an encapsulating agent of the nanoparticles and these AgNPs are incorporated into thin films by the electrostatic attraction between the polycation (PAH), and the carboxylate groups of the PAA capped the nanoparticles (PAA-AgNPs). The location of the LSPR absorption bands varies from 424.6 nm for the ISS process to 432.6 nm for the LbL-E deposition technique.

A recent report [24] indicated a strong preference for recombination at specific positions within trpB or gyrA in several selleck compound recombinant progeny originally generated by Demars and Weinfurter [4]. We used two approaches to examine selected sets of candidate hotspots identified by these authors. First, we examined our original 12 recombinant genomes for recombination events at common sites. While analysis of these fully sequenced recombinant strains identified four examples ICG-001 concentration of recombination events that occurred within the same

genetic region in independent progeny strains (Table 2, Figures 3 and 5), and none were found in more than 2 recombinant progeny. Second, we conducted PCR-based sequence analysis of a different set of completely independent recombinant crosses, using parental combinations

(D/UW3Cx X L1/440/LN; D/UW3Cx X L3/404/LN) that were nearly identical to those analyzed by Srinivasan and colleagues [24]. Independence of these crosses was assured because each of the 14 examined progeny was the product of a fully independent cross of parental strains. In no examined case was there evidence for recombination at either of the loci identified by these authors, in any of the 14 progeny strains generated from these crosses (Table 3). Table 2 A comparison of shared Selleck AZD6244 crossover sites in different progeny strains Recombinant RC-L2(s)/3 RC-F(s)/342 Region of crossover CT778 (priA) CT778 (priA) Coordinates 916870 : 917156 954495 : 955597 Comments F(s)70 – L2-434 hybrid CT778 F(s)70 – J/6276 hybrid CT778 Recombinant RC-L2(s)/3 RC-J/966 Region of crossover CT331 (dxs) and CT332 (pykF) CT332 (pykF) Coordinates 377279 : 377995 370626 : 37785 Comments F(s)70 CT331, L2-434 CT332 J/6276 – L2-434 hybrid CT332 Recombinant RC-L2/971 RC-J/966 Region of crossover CT569 (gspG) and CT570 (gspF) CT569 (gspG) and CT570 (gspF) Coordinates 634854 : 636140 635246 : 636532 Comments J/6276 CT569, L2-434 CT570 J/6276 CT569, L2-434 CT570 Recombinant RC-L2/971 RC-L2/55 Region of crossover CT585 (trpS) and CT586 (uvrB) CT586 (uvrB) Coordinates 655362 : 656561 656865

: 657292 Comments L2-434 CT585, J/6276 CT586 F(s)70 SB-3CT – L2-434 hybrid CT586 Table 3 Analysis of independent recombinant strains for recombination hot-spots Strain CT189 genotype CT315 genotype L3XD_1 D L3 L3xD_8 D L3 L3xD_9 D L3 L1xD_11 D L1 L1xD_12 D L1 L1xD_14 D L1 L1xD_15 D L1 L1xD_16 D L1 L1xD_17 L1 L1 L1xD_18 D L1 L1xD_19 D L1 L1xD_20 D L1 L1xD_21 L1 L1 L1xD_23 D L1 Individual recombinant progeny from independent crosses were subjected to PCR-based DNA sequencing and assessed for recombination at positions identified as hotspots by Srinivasan and colleagues [24]. For each sequenced product, the identified genotype at that region is indicated (D or L1/L3). There were no examples of recombination in any of these sequenced PCR products.