Assistance with personal care by a home health aide, a volunteer sitter, or the opportunity to take a care recipient to an adult day program are Cobimetinib chemical structure examples of respite care. Unfortunately, there have been few empirical studies or outcome measure initiatives developed to research the efficacy of respite care services.77 Behavioral interventions The appropriate utilization of interventions in individuals with BPSD depends Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical on a number of variables, including where the person is in the progression of the disease. For example,

in the early stage, common symptoms include depression, anxiety, and loss of self-esteem. Recommended treatment could be Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical psychotherapy, participation in an early-stage dementia support group, and reality orientation. In middle -stage dementia, behavioral problems often occur and the family begins to seek assistance through services such as home care and adult day care. Psychotherapy is usually not an effective intervention in an individual with dementia at this stage because it is dependent on memory retention and insight. Instead, validation therapy may provide an appropriate approach to middle stage when the patient has BPSD. In the later stages of dementia, the person becomes extremely dependent,

Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical requiring a high level of assistance with toileting and personal hygiene. Therapeutic touch and the use of soothing music may provide the reassurance needed to avoid a catastrophic reaction. It is during this stage that, most families look to long-term care facilities for providing appropriate care. There is a growing interest in the use of psychosocial interventions to Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical help ease some of the adjustment, problems associated with long-term Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical residential care. Common interventions include reality orientation and validation therapy. Psychotherapy The vast, majority of controlled, experimental outcome studies on psychotherapy with aging adults fall into one of two broad categories:

(i) psychocducational; or (ii) cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT). Psychoeducational therapies emphasize psychological theories and techniques. In contrast, CBT is an approach that combines the conceptual and applied work of various cognitive and behavioral learning models. CBT has been researched with geriatric outpatients and inpatients, medically stable and unstable older adults, and in MycoClean Mycoplasma Removal Kit group and individual intervention settings with aging adults. There is also a small but increasing amount of research literature suggesting that CBT is an effective treatment for depression in elderly patients.78-82 These interventions emphasize cognitive training, sensory stimulation, and physical rehabilitation, rather than improvements in social functioning. Reality orientation Reality orientation (RO) was developed in the United States in the 1960s.