Results: Forty-two infants were enrolled in this observational study, and five infants with bad visualization of SCV GSK1838705A were excluded. The procedure duration was < 5 min in all cases except one. The success rate at the first attempt was 81% and 100% after two attempts. No major complications were reported.
Conclusions: This US-guided supraclavicular approach for SCV puncture is a new possibility for central venous catheterization in
small infants, offering all the advantages of SCV cannulation without the risk of ‘pinch-off’ syndrome. This technique seems valuable for children and infants and quite easy to apply for physicians trained to US guidance punctures.”
“Embryonic development is a specificity of metazoans. It starts with fertilization of the oocyte by a spermatozoon. Gametes then undergo intense chromatin remodelling and epigenetic reprogramming, which is necessary for reversion to a totipotent state in order to start a new developmental programme. This reprogramming process must occur with 100% efficiency in order to sustain development. The
period following fertilization is therefore very rich and interesting in terms of chromatin remodelling. The latter underlies the reprogramming of the parental genomes, which is thought in turn to be essential to achieve the plasticity required to form all cell types in the new organism. However, this amazing capacity of the cells in the embryo to generate all cell types seems to be transient. Indeed, the ability of the early embryo to reprogramme AZD8186 molecular weight somatic nuclei decreases as development proceeds. What makes the cells in the early embryo capable of supporting such a large degree of plasticity? These questions have remained largely unanswered and are central for understanding of cell plasticity, development and reprogramming. It is proposed that the basis of such plasticity relies on distinctive Akt inhibitor chromatin features that prevail during early embryogenesis and this hypothesis
will be discussed in light of recent findings. (C) 2013, Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is an emerging tool for the noncontact investigation of biological samples such as live cells. It uses an ion current through the opening of a tapered nanopipette filled with an electrolyte for topography measurements. Despite its successful application to numerous systems no systematic investigation of the image formation process has yet been performed. Here, we use finite element modeling to investigate how the scanning ion conductance microscope images small particles on a planar surface, providing a fundamental characterization of the imaging process. We find that a small particle appears with a height that is only a fraction of its actual height. This has significant consequences for the quantitative interpretation of SICM images.