Results-15 dogs were treated
by means of apicoectomy and retrograde filling following a failed or complicated orthograde root canal treatment. The mean long-term follow-up time was 15.2 months (range, 3 to 50 months). On radiographic evaluation, 10 of 15 dogs had successful resolution of the periapical disease; 5 Bcl-2 cancer dogs had no radiographic evidence of failure of endodontic treatment. All dogs were considered to have a successful clinical outcome.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Surgical endodontic treatment was an effective option for salvaging endodontically diseased but periodontally healthy teeth of dogs in which orthograde treatment was unsuccessful and nonsurgical retreatment was unlikely to succeed. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012;241:1633-1638)”
“The content of proanthocyanidins (PA) in foods is usually determined by HPLC analysis of aqueous-organic extracts. However, the appreciable amounts of PA that remain in the residues of extraction usually are not considered for analysis. Attempts to determine these non-extractable proanthocyanidins (NEPA) by enzymatic-chemical methods have obtained partial results. The general aim of this work was the estimation of the total content of PA, including both extractable PA (EPA) and NEPA in some foods included in the USDA database. A specific procedure based on depolymerization
by HCl/BuOH treatment was used to quantify NEPA. The content TEW-7197 of NEPA in analyzed samples ranged from 11 mg/100 g for pear to 6.7 QNZ price g/100g dry weight for red grape pomace. The results showed that literature data underestimate the actual content of PA in foods. NEPA may have a significant contribution to the healthy effects associated to PA-rich foods and diets. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background and Aim:
In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the relationship between lowering glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) and macrovascular complications is not clear and therefore lowering the level. of HbA(1c) is controversial.
Methods and Results: We searched for all, randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of intensive and standard glycemic control on vascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The primary endpoint was combined macrovascular complications, including cardiac events, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. Fixed and random effect models were used to analyze the results.
Eight studies were included according to selection criteria. The results showed no benefits of intensive glycemic control on macrovascular and microvascular complications (P > 0.1), but a higher rate of severe hypoglycemia (P < 0.00001) in the intensive control group when the target HbA(1c) level was <7.0%. When the target HbA(1c) level was lowered to 7.0-7.9%, intensive glycemic control showed benefits on the reduction of microvascular events (P < 0.05) without increasing the risk of severe hypoglycemia (P = 0.