“
“Recent evidence suggests that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation (REMSD) causes learning and memory deficits. However, the mechanism

of REMSD-induced memory impairment remains unclear. Calcineurin (CaN) is involved in synaptic plasticity and is known as a negative constraint on learning and memory. Here we report that 72 h REMSD by the modified multiple platform method in rats resulted in spatial memory impairment in the Morris water maze and elevated hippocampal cytosolic CaN activity, both of which were reversed after 18h sleep recovery. CaN expression in the whole-tissue homogenate of the hippocampus Volasertib chemical structure was not altered by REMSD. The results suggest that elevated hippocampal CaN activity is involved in REMSD-induced spatial memory impairment. NeuroReport 20:1172-1176 (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.”
“‘Face-space’ is an abstract concept of the multidimensional representation of faces. Faces of similar appearance are closer in face-space than dissimilar faces; however, it is not clear how representations interact

Examining contrast thresholds for facial recognition, we show that a 200 ms preview of a face facilitates PF477736 datasheet recognition of the same face, but inhibits recognition of other faces, more so for the same ethnic group than for a different ethnic group. This suggests a center-surround organization in which facial representations close to the priming stimulus are more suppressed than those that are distant

NeuroReport 20:1177-1182 (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.”
“A previous study shows that most inferior collicular neurons of the bat discharge maximally to a best duration and these duration-selective neurons have better echo frequency selectivity when the duration of both echo and pulse matches the best duration. In this study, we show that these duration-selective collicular learn more neurons also have the sharpest echo amplitude selectivity when the duration of both echo and pulse matches the best duration. These data indicate that bats can better extract multiple parameters of expected than unexpected echo within the same time window after pulse emission. These data also support the previous studies showing that bats prepare their auditory system to analyze expected returning echoes within a time window after pulse emission. NeuroReport 20:1183-1187 (C) 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.”
“We studied the relation between cortical oscillatory rhythms and the structural integrity of the corpus callosum in 21 children with spina bifida and hydrocephalus. Participants underwent resting state neuromagnetic recordings and diffusion tensor imaging. Areas of three segments of the corpus callosum (genu, body, splenium) were derived through diffusion tensor imaging-based morphometrics.