No changes in phase I enzyme

activities of AH and EMND and cytochrome P 450 quantity were detected. Saponarin pretreatment resulted in significant increase in cell antioxidant defence system and GSH levels and decrease in lipid peroxidation. The biochemical changes are in good correlation with the histopathological data. Protective activity of saponarin was similar to the activity of positive control silymarin. On the basis of these results, it can be concluded that saponarin exerts antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol liver injury in vitro/in vivo.”
“Congenital human CMV infection can lead to long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae, including mental retardation and sensorineural hearing loss. Unfortunately, CMVs

are highly adapted to their specific species, precluding the evaluation of human CMV vaccines in animal models prior to clinical trials. Several species-specific CMVs have been characterized and developed BTSA1 in models of pathogenesis and vaccine-mediated protection against disease. These include the murine CMV, the porcine CMV, the Rhesus macaque CMV, the rat CMV and the Guinea pig CMV. Because of the propensity of the Guinea pig CMV to cross the placenta, infecting the fetus in utero, it has emerged as a model of particular interest in studying vaccine-mediated protection of the fetus. In this paper, a review of Selonsertib in vitro these various models, with particular emphasis on the value of the model in the testing and evaluation of vaccines against congenital CMV, is provided. Recent exciting developments and advances in these

various models are summarized, and recommendations are offered for high-priority areas for future study.”
“Objectives: To compare mechanical stability of angle-stable locking construct with four screws with conventional five screw locking in intramedullary nailed distal tibia fractures under cyclic loading.\n\nMethods: Ten pairs of fresh-frozen human cadaveric tibiae were intramedullary nailed and assigned to either an angle-stable locking construct consisting of four screws or conventional five-screw locking. After simulating an unstable distal two-fragmental 42-A3.1 fracture, the specimens were mechanically tested under quasistatic and cyclic sinusoidal axial and torsional loading.\n\nResults: Bending stiffness of the SHP099 nmr angle-stable and the conventional fixation was 644.3 N/degrees and 416.5 N/degrees, respectively (P = 0.075, power 0.434). Torsional stiffness of the angle-stable locking (1.91 Nm/degrees) was significantly higher compared with the conventional one (1.13 Nm/degrees; P = 0.001, power 0.981). Torsional play of the angle-stable fixation (0.08 degrees) was significantly smaller compared with the conventional one (0.46 degrees; P = 0.002, power 0.965). The angle-stable locking revealed significantly less torsional deformation in the fracture gap after one cycle (0.74 degrees) than the conventional one (1.75 degrees; P = 0.005, power 0.