In conclusion, our data show that nilotinib effectively inhibits

In conclusion, our data show that nilotinib effectively inhibits Sorafenib Raf-1 HCC growth in vitro and in vivo through autophagy induction that is mediated by the PP2A-AMPK signaling pathway. This study suggests nilotinib-induced cytotoxicity occurs through a novel mechanism, and supports its clinical potential as a component of therapeutic strategies for HCC. *This work was supported by Grants NTUH 101P01 (to K.-F. C.) from the National Taiwan University Hospital and NSC99-2314-B-002-017-MY2 (to K.-F. C.), and NSC101-2325-B-002-032 (to K.-F. C.) from the National Science Council, Taiwan. 2The abbreviations used are: HCC hepatocellular carcinoma AMPK 5�� adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase PP2A protein phosphatase 2A CIP2A cancerous inhibitor of PP2A PI3K phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase PDK1 phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase dependent 1 PARP poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase s.

c. subcutaneous PME PP2A methyltransferase HCQ hydroxychloroquine 3-MA 3-methyladenine.
AIM: To evaluate the association between HLA-DRB1 alleles and Han and Uyghur ulcerative colitis (UC) patients residing in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. METHODS: In this study, 102 UC patients (53 Han including 22 men and 31 women, and 49 Uyghur patients including 25 men and 24 women; aged 48.07 �� 15.83 years) and 310 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the Department of Gastroenterology, Xinjiang People��s Hospital of China from January 2010 to May 2011. UC was diagnosed based on the clinical, endoscopic and histological findings following Lennard-Jones criteria.

Blood samples were collected and genomic DNA was extracted by routine laboratory methods, and both polymerase chain reaction and gene sequencing were used to identify HLA-DRB1 allele variants. The potential association between genetic variation and UC in Han and Uyghur patients was examined. There were no statistical differences in HLA-DRB1 allele frequencies in Han UC patients. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the sex ratio between the controls and UC patients (P = 0.740). In Han patients with UC (n = 53), HLA-DRB1 *03, *13 allele frequencies were lower than in healthy controls (n = 161), but not statistically significant, and HLA-DRB1*04*11*14 allele frequencies were higher than in healthy controls, but without statistical significance.

Differences between Uyghur UC patients and the control AV-951 group were observed for HLA-DRB1*04 and HLA-DRB1*13, both showed a greater frequency in UC patients (10.21% vs 2.69%, P = 0.043; 14.29% vs 4.03%, P = 0.019). HLA-DRB1*14 also showed a greater frequency in UC patients (14.29% vs 2.69%, P = 0.006). The frequencies of DRB1*04, *13*14 alleles were increased in Uyghur UC patients compared with normal controls. The frequency of DRB1 * 08 was decreased in Uyghur UC patients compared with normal controls. HLA-DRB1 alleles showed no association with UC in Han patients.

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