However, we found that 8% of patients with condylomatous lesions

However, we found that 8% of patients with condylomatous lesions had a negative PCR result for HPV infection in the anal canal. Nevertheless, we have to take into account that our study did not specifically test the wart tissue for HPV DNA, so the prevalence of HPV type-specific infection in the wart remains unknown. Other authors reported an HPV prevalence of 99% in a French cohort of women

MK-2206 research buy and men with external ano-genital acuminate condylomata [19]. This difference in HPV prevalence could be related to gender differences between the populations tested or to the LR HPV types identified using the genotyping technique. In relation to this last point, the previous study included up to 11 different LR HPV types, although HPV-6 and HPV-11 represented the most common types of single and multiple HPV infections, in agreement with our study. In fact, the percentage of single infections attributable to other LR HPV types was relatively low in the French study (< 5% of all single HPV infections) [19]. The

analysis of HPV type-specific prevalence provides data on the distribution of HPV genotypes in the anal canals of HIV-positive men. Our results provide evidence that the most prevalent types were HPV-6 (41% in HIV-positive men with condylomata and 13% in HIV-positive men without condylomata) and HPV-16 (42% in HIV-positive men with condylomata and 23% in HIV-positive men without condylomata), in agreement with other published works [3, 16, 19]. Moreover, HR HPV genotypes were detected in a higher proportion of HIV-positive find more men presenting with anal condylomata

Calpain (83%) than HIV-positive men without condylomata (62%). It is important to note the high anal canal prevalence of HPV-16 in HIV-positive men. In fact, the prevalence of HPV-16 in the anal canal in HIV-infected men without anal condylomata was very high compared with that previously reported in HIV-negative men (23% vs. 9%, respectively) [19]. Similarly, HPV-18 infection was notably more frequent in the anal canals of HIV-positive men (11% in the group with condylomata and 6% in the group without condylomata), compared with the frequency reported in the HIV-negative population (3%) [19]. The most prevalent viral genotypes found in the CARH·MEN cohort are included in the quadrivalent HPV vaccine, suggesting the potential use of vaccination as an alternative strategy for prevention of HPV-related pathology. However, other HR HPV types, such as HPV-33, 51, 58, 39, 52 or 59, with a significant predominance in HIV-infected men with anal condylomata lesions should be taken into account for their potential impact on the development of high-grade precancerous lesions. LR and HR HPV genotypes share a common route of transmission and the presence of condylomatous lesions indicates HPV exposure and a risk of exposure to HR HPV types too.

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