Forty-eight hr after transfection, viral supernatants were collected and filtered through a 0.45 μm filter, then concentrated by ultracentrifuging at 19,400 rpm for 2 hr at 4°C. OPCs were infected at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 50 (MOI was determined Venetoclax price in human 293T cells). The infection rate was >90% in these cultures. The mouse oligodendrocyte precursor cell line Oli-neu (Jung et al., 1995) was a kind gift from Dr. P. Wright (University of Arkansas). The Oli-neu cells were maintained in growth medium consisting of DMEM supplemented with N2 and 1% horse serum. Oli-neu
cells were transfected with luciferase reporters and assayed 24 hr posttransfection for luciferase activities by using a Promega luciferase
assay kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. For immunoprecipitation, whole-cell lysates were prepared from brain tissues and cells using 1× Passive lysis buffer (Promega) supplemented with a protease inhibitor cocktail (1:200, find more Sigma). A total of 300 μg of cell lysate proteins were incubated with 2 μg antibody. Phosphatase inhibitors used for immunoprecipitation are 5 μM microcystin, 2 mM imidazole, 1.15 mM sodium molybdate, and 0.184 mg/ml sodium orthovahedate. Western blotting was performed using chemiluminescence with the ECL kit (Pierce) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Chick embryo in ovo electroporation in developing the neural tube was conducted as previously described ( Ye et al., 2009). Quantifications were performed from at least three independent experimental groups. Data are presented as mean ± SEM in the graphs; p values are from Student’s two-tailed t test to compare two sets
of data. For multiple comparisons, which were done using one-way analysis of variance analysis, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The authors would like to thank Y. Yu, A. Nishiyama, B. Kim, W. Liu, L. Liu, C. Shen, Melinda K. Duncan, and A. Francis and A. Conidi for technical support. We thank C. Stiles, J. Svaren, S. Yoon, E. Olson, J. Johnson, J. Li, E. Hurlock, N. Ma, and O. Barca-Mayo for critical comments and suggestions. This study was funded in Tryptophan synthase part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01NS072427) and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (RG3978) (to Q.R.L.) and the Research Council of Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (OT-09/053 and GOA-11/012), FWO-V (G.0954.11N to D.H. and E.S.), the Queen Elisabeth Medical Foundation (GSKE 1113) and Interuniversity Attraction Poles (IUAP 6/20), and the type 3 large-infrastructure support InfraMouse by the Hercules Foundation (to D.H.). “
“Peripheral nerves are complex structures consisting of motor, sensory and autonomic neurons, which connect tissues and organs to the central nervous system (CNS).