Formation of symbiotic systems BAY 63-2521 plants of the legume family are able to form

symbiotic systems with nitrogen-fixing rhizosphere microorganisms. Formation of legume-rhizobial symbiosis includes a number of successive stages from adsorption of bacterial cells on the ARS-1620 cost surface of root hairs and infection to the formation of special symbiotic forms, bacteroides, where the complex enzyme complex, nitrogenase, is synthesized. It catalyzes the reduction of molecular nitrogen from the atmosphere [11]. This complex consists of two enzymes: the actual nitrogenase (so-called MoFe protein or dinitrogenase) and dehydrogenase (Fe protein) [17]. The MoFe protein cofactor consists of two atoms of molybdenum, which determines the relevance of a given study of influence of colloidal solution of nanoparticles of molybdenum on nodulation – central link of legume – and rhizobial symbiosis, providing the necessary conditions for the formation and functioning of the enzyme complex and nitrogen-fixing PX-478 in vitro system [11, 18]. The most favorable conditions for rhizobia were observed in the rhizosphere of plants treated with CSNM in combination with microbial preparation.

Joint application of these preparation for pre-sowing seed treatment had increased nodule formation per plant more than four times higher than in the control variant. Single use of CSNM had allowed the increase of number and mass of nodules two times while the seed treatment with microbial preparation had not significantly affected the number of nodules

per plant (Table 3). It should be noted that most of plants in the control variant had not developed root nodules. Table 3 Number and mass of nodules formed on the roots of chickpea plans Variants Number of nodules, pcs./plant Mass of nodules, mg/plant Control (water treatment) 0.6 ± 0.03 90 ± 0.45 Colloidal solution of nanoparticles of molybdenum 6.7 ± 0.033 learn more 560 ± 2.8 Microbial preparation 3.3 ± 0.0165 770 ± 3.85 Microbial preparation + CSMN 12.8 ± 0.064 780 ± 3.9 Plant resistance to pathogens Plant resistance to pathogens depends on many factors, including the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is one of the least specific reactions of living organisms. ROS can promote eradication of plant pathogens by oxidative explosion and as a result of hypersensitivity reaction, there is formation of a zone of dead plant cells rich in antimicrobial compounds around the infection area. Regulation and generation of ROS is controlled by the oxidoreductase enzymes. Catalase is one of the key antioxidant enzymes of plants [19].