Figure 7 Positive immunohistochemical expression of uPA, uPAR, p-

Figure 7 Positive immunohistochemical expression of uPA, uPAR, p-ERK1/2 in in MCF-7 exnografts of mice in control(a), ulinastatin(b), docetaxel(c),ulinastatin plus docetaxel(d) groups (SP,×400) (1).Positive immunohistochemical expression of uPA in MCF-7 exnografts of mice in control (a), ulinastatin (b), GSK2126458 in vivo docetaxel (c), and ulinastatin plus docetaxel (d) groups (SP, ×400). (2) Positive immunohistochemical expression of uPAR in MCF-7 exnografts of mice in control (a), ulinastatin (b), docetaxel (c), and ulinastatin plus docetaxel (d) groups (SP, ×400). (3). Positive immunohistochemical expression of p-ERK1/2

in MCF-7 exnografts of mice in control (a), ulinastatin (b), docetaxel (c), and ulinastatin plus docetaxel (d) groups (SP, ×400). Docetaxel can cause cancer cell mitotic arrest at G2/M phase by inhibiting tubulin depolymerization and promoting non-functional microtube formation. selleck inhibitor Further studies in recent years have revealed a role of docetaxel in other mechanisms besides cell toxicity. Our experiments also showed that docetaxel treatment https://www.selleckchem.com/products/CP-673451.html increased p-ERK1/2 level (p < 0.05), but decreased uPA and uPAR mRNA and protein levels (p < 0.05), in consistence with the reports

of Yacoub and Mhaidat[19, 20]. The specific mechanism on how docetaxel functions has not yet been clarified, but probably is related to its role in initiation of cell apoptosis and consequent activation of ERK pathway and p-ERK-dependent upregulation of uPA expression. In addition, reports have shown that pretreatment of cells with other ERK activity specific inhibitor can markedly promote the effect of docetaxel on cell apoptosis[20, 21]. Our study also found that treatment

of cells with ulinastatin along with docetaxel significantly inhibited uPA, uPAR and ERK1/2, leading to the maximum cell apoptosis rate among the three treatment groups (83.254% at 72 hours)[6]. Therefore, the upregulation of these three proteins in response to docetaxel treatment should be considered as one of Bumetanide the drug-resistance mechanisms of MDA-MB-231 cells, and application of inhibitors (such as ulinastatin) can weaken this resistance. This study revealed that uPA, uPAR and p-ERK expression is obviously inhibited by ulinastatin. Because many factors and mechanisms are involved in cancer cell proliferation, although treatment with ulinastatin alone can inhibit MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and exograft growth[6], its effect is not as strong as that combined with docetaxel. On the other hand, although docetaxel enhanced the expression of uPA, uPAR and ERK1/2, its cell toxicity still plays a dominant role, so when treated with docetaxel alone, the proliferation and tumor growth of breast cancer cell was inhibited. Combined treatment of ulinastatin plus docetaxel is more effective in anti-tumor invasion. Therefore, the role of ulinastatin in the antitumor aspect deserves further study.

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