, CP 04510. Mexico; PF-6463922 2Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva de la Universitat de Valencia. Apartat Postal 22085, Valencia. CP 46071. España; 3Área Académica de Biología del Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de buy GS-9973 Hidalgo. Apartado Postal 1-69 Plaza Juárez, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo. CP 42001. Mexico The hardening of the cell theory during the second half of the 19th century encountered strong resistance by those that considered viruses and hypothetical organisms smaller than cells, on the one hand, and by those that

were convinced that the basic traits of life were found not in complete cells but only within protoplasm, on the other. Spanish-speaking scientists were not an exception, and some of the most distinguished members in academia became engaged in this debate. It was the case of the distinguished

Spanish histologist Santiago Ramón y Cajal, who proposed the existence of hypothetical living metastructures within nucleated cells, as part of a more comprehensive “cytocolonial theory” (Ramón y Cajal, 1989). His ideas were not accepted in his country nor in Latin America due to scientific prejudices and the prevalence of the hardened version of cell theory, and in other international academic circles probably because of language barriers. Eventually, however, as he matured Ramón y Cajal abandoned his initially enthusiastic critique of the cell theory and, by his discoveries, became one of its more important supporters (López-Piñero, 2006). López-Piñero, GF120918 JM (2006)

Santiago Ramón y Cajal. Colección Biografías. Publicacions de la Universitat de Valencia and Editorial de la Universidad de Granada, Valencia. Ramón y Cajal S (1989) Recollections of my life. MIT Press, Cambridge. E-mail: ulisesi@uaeh.​edu.​mx Linear Temporality: A Cultural Perspective of the Origin of Life Ninel Valderrama-Negrn1, Sandra Ramos-Amzquita2, Sergio Ramos-Bernal3, Alicia Negron-Mendoza3 1Facultad de Filosofa y Letras; 2Facultad de Ciencias Polticas; 3Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autnoma many de Mexico (UNAM) Mexico, D.F. Mexico The Aristotelian paradigm of time plays an important role in Western Modernity (1453–1789), in science and in the way that Western civilization perceives the origin of life. The aim of the present paper is to analyze the philosophical basis for the origin of life in Western Modernity. Our argument takes as its point of departure the idea that the Aristotelian paradigm of linear temporality influences all aspects of life, including science, even after the outcome of the scientific method. This paradigm implies a conception of time that has as main characteristics a beginning and an end, forming the idea of linear temporality. This point of view is based on the perception of human life as finite. In addition, this temporality serves as a framework in Western thinking, which is different from that of other cultures.