Conclusions:
PTEN inactivation and neuroendocrine differentiation were related to refractoriness to bicalutamide therapy. These results support the hypothesis that neuroendocrine differentiation is caused by activation of the serine threonine kinase Akt pathway, which results from PTEN inactivation.”
“OBJECTIVE: In addition to their well-known osteogenic properties, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have developmental and regenerative roles that may impact tumorigenesis and promote tumor spread. Given that the most common site of tumor metastases to bone is the spine, determining whether BMPs can be linked to cancer is of particular relevance to surgeons treating primary or metastatic spinal disease. This article reviews the basic scientific and clinical
background of BMPs and their potential role in promoting cancer.
METHODS: A literature review to identify studies relating to BMP and tumorigenesis was conducted. Databases evaluated NVP-LDE225 included MEDLINE and EMBASE as well as the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register through 2008.
RESULTS: Bone morphogenetic proteins are a diverse class of molecules belonging to the transforming growth factor-P superfamily that serve a variety of biologic functions. Bone morphogenetic proteins have critical roles in stem and progenitor cell biology as regulators of cellular expansion and differentiation. Transforming growth factor-beta and related cell signaling pathways as well as stem and progenitor cell signaling have been linked to cancer. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies suggest Poziotinib chemical structure a significant role of BMPs in promoting tumorigenesis and
metastasis. However, there are also comparable studies that imply that BMPs may have a negative effect on cancer.
CONCLUSION: There is no definitive association between BMPs and the promotion of tumorigenesis or metastasis. However, given the relatively large number of studies reporting a positive effect of BMPs on tumorigenesis or metastasis, the use of BMPs in patients with primary or metastatic spinal tumors 17-DMAG (Alvespimycin) HCl should be carefully considered.”
“Purpose: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of intravesical liposomes, a mucosal protective agent, compared to oral pentosan polysulfate sodium for interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome.
Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective longitudinal study of the effect of 2 independent treatments (intravesical liposomes and oral pentosan polysulfate sodium) in patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Ten possible responses (or measures) to treatment were monitored at 3 time points, including baseline, and weeks 4 and 8. A total of 24 patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome were evaluated in a 1:1 ratio to intravesical liposomes (80 mg/40 cc distilled water) once weekly or to oral pentosan polysulfate sodium (100 mg) 3 times daily for 4 weeks each.