9 +/- 111.9 vs. 29.5 +/- 25.1 days, odds ratio [OR] 1.034, 95% confidence interval this website [Cl] 1.016-1.053, p < .001), therapeutic indication (OR 5.197, 95% Cl 1.200-22.511, p = .028), and filter wall apposition (OR 11.857, 95% Cl 2.069-67.968, p = .006). Challenging retrievals were predicted by dwell time (51.1 +/- 9.8 vs. 29.1 +/- 24.5 days, OR 1.017, 95% Cl 1.005-1.029, p = .007), filter tilt (OR 2.607, 95%
Cl 1.045-6.508, p = .040) and filter wall apposition (OR 6.149, 95% Cl 2.398-15.763, p = <.001).
Conclusions: Physician oversight leads to poor IVC filter retrieval rates. Retrievals can be challenging or fail when the dwell time is >50 days and >90 days, respectively, and when the filter hook apposes the caval wall. Filter tilt increases retrieval difficulty but not failure rates. (C) 2013 European
Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“We report placental cryptococcosis in a woman with multidrug resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. She received antifungal therapy for cryptococcal meningitis prior to delivery. Cesarean section was performed with delivery of a single full-term male infant. There was no evidence of HIV or cryptococcal infection in the infant. The placenta grossly showed multiple white nodules. Microscopically, numerous encapsulated budding yeasts, morphologically consistent with cryptococci, were identified in MCC950 price the intervillous space and, to a lesser extent, in the chorionic villi. Cryptococcal infections are not uncommon, but only 2 cases of placental cryptococcosis have been reported. Our case is the 1st account documenting cryptococcal organisms within the chorionic villi, and yet there was no evidence of infection in the infant. Mother-to-fetal transmission of cryptococcal infection is not well defined. We review the literature and discuss its possible mechanisms.”
“Background: Bone morphogenetic protein-5 (BMP-5) has been shown to be essential for nephrogenesis.
Its role in adult kidney and in patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis is still unknown.
Methods: BYL719 mouse BMP-5 expression was evaluated by immunostaining and real-time PCR in tissue samples from normal and nephrosclerotic human kidneys. The impact of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and angiotensin-II (AT-II) on expression of BMP-5 and its receptors was quantified in proximal tubular cells (HK-2). Functional characteristics of BMP-5 were evaluated by testing its influence on TGF-beta-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis of HK-2 cells and inflammatory cell infiltration.
Results: BMP-5 expression was localized in tubular epithelial cells and significantly decreased in nephrosclerotic kidneys. Stimulation of HK-2 cells with TGF-beta, TNF-alpha and AT-II resulted in a significant decreased expression of BMP-5 and its receptors.