2.4. Outcome Measures Donor and recipient demographics and the incidences of intra- http://www.selleckchem.com/products/z-vad-fmk.html and postoperative complications in the donor and recipient were assessed. In the recipient, the incidences of graft thrombosis, graft function, and graft survival were recorded. The total ischaemic time was defined from the start of arterial clamping of the donor vessels to reperfusion of the kidney. Recipient graft function was measured daily using levels of serum creatinine, and eGFR on day 7, 1 month, and 12 months after transplant. Delayed graft function (DGF) was defined as any form of renal replacement therapy (RRT) needed in the first 7 days after transplant. Acute rejection was diagnosed by histopathological examination of a renal biopsy and treated with 3 �� 0.5 grams methylprednisolone for 3 consecutive days.

Resistant rejection was treated with antithymocyte globulin (ATG). Graft and patient survival were monitored up to 12 months after transplant. 2.5. Statistics Statistical analysis was performed using an integrated measurement using Excel (Microsoft, Reading) and Graph Pad Prism 5 (Graph Pad Instat, San Diego, CA). Results were displayed as mean �� standard deviation. Mean data was compared using the appropriate t-test or contingency test (Fisher’s exact). P �� 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. 3. Results 3.1. Demographics Donor and recipient demographics are outlined in Table 1. There was no significant difference in the donor demographics between the groups. There was a similar amount of right and left kidneys donated in each group (P = 0.386).

More kidneys in the heparin group had multiple arteries compared to the nonheparinised group (P = 0.027). Several kidneys in each of the groups had dual renal veins (P = 0.473). Table 1 Donor and recipient demographics, left and right kidney, and renal vasculature. 3.2. Intraoperative and Postoperative Outcomes 3.2.1. Donor There was no significant difference in the duration of warm ischaemia (heparin 5 �� 3 versus nonheparinised 5 �� 3min; P = 1.000) (range 1 to 13 min versus 2�C8min) or in the total ischaemic time (heparin 306 �� 80 versus nonheparinised 295 �� 60min; P = 0.189) between the groups. The warm ischaemic time was significantly longer in kidneys with multiple arteries compared to those with single vessels (6 �� 2.7versus 4.0 �� 1.3min; P = 0.0001).

There were no intra- or immediate postoperative complications in either of the groups associated with bleeding. There Batimastat was no significant difference in haemoglobin levels between the groups pre- or postoperative (P > 0.05; Table 2). Levels fell significantly day 1 postoperatively in both groups and remained stable until discharge (Table 2). Table 2 Haemoglobin levels preoperative and postoperative days 1, 2 and 3 in the heparin, and nonheparinised groups.