, 1999, Pavlakis et al., 2001 and Kingston, 2002). In these regions, large oil spills also challenge the best-laid contingency plans, as clean-up and recovery operations require a great number of specially trained emergency teams (Doerffer, 1992, De La Huz et al., 2005 and Kirby and Law, 2010). One of the most widely documented examples of the impact of oil spills on relatively confined, environmentally sensitive shorelines is the

MV Exxon Valdez accident of 1989, South Alaska ( Petterson et al., 2003). The effects of the MV Exxon Valdez on biodiversity, and on the health of the cleaning personnel, were felt in the Prince William Sound for decades after its sinking ( Palinkas et al., 1993b, Piatt and Anderson, 1996 and Petterson Small molecule library manufacturer et al., 2003). Nevertheless, the published literature chiefly refers to open-sea accidents such the Deepwater Horizon explosion in the Gulf of Mexico ( Camili et al., 2010 and Kessler et al., 2011), or the MV Prestige and MV Erika oil spills in the North Atlantic Ocean ( Tronczynski et al., 2004, Franco high throughput screening et al., 2006 and Gonzalez et al., 2006). This narrow pool of information poses important constraints to emergency authorities, as

open sea accidents require emergency responses distinct from oil spills occurring in topographically confined seas. Oil spills in open seas have the potential to unfold relatively slowly, but spreading through large areas to hinder any spill containment procedures (see Galt et al., 1991 and Carson et al., 1992). In contrast, oil spills in confined marine basins will potentially reach the shoreline in just a few hours, as shown by the models in this paper, but potentially dispersing through relatively small areas. In the topographically Tenofovir research buy confined Mediterranean Sea, to quickly assess shoreline susceptibility to oil spill accidents is paramount to the management of human resources and emergency plans by civil protection

authorities. Moreover, the coordination of emergency teams in all countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea requires a swift methodology to predict oil spill spreading, dispersion and advection in sea water. This paper presents a new method to help emergency-team response to oil spills in confined marine basins, using the island of Crete as a case-study (Fig. 1a and b). The method was developed under the umbrella of European Commission’s NEREIDs project to assist local authorities operating in Crete and Cyprus, Eastern Mediterranean Sea. The method results from the urgent need to coordinate local authorities and civil protection groups in this region when of maritime and offshore platforms accidents. Such a need is particularly pressing at a time when hydrocarbon exploration and production are being equated in deep-water regions of the Eastern Mediterranean (Cohen et al., 1990 and Roberts and Peace, 2007).